Tulisan deskriptif memiliki
kekhasan dibandingkan dengan jenis tulisan lainnya, seperti argumentatif. Tulisan deskriptif biasanya memotret salah satu hal
berikut ini: seseorang (person),
satu tempat (place),
memori (memory),
pengalaman (experience), benda (object), emosi (emotion), situasi (situation) dan lainnya. Dalam
penulisannya, Anda
diberikan kebebasan artistik dalam mendeskriptifkan. Anda harus dapat
memunculkan kesan yang jelas dan bergerak di pikiran pembaca. Kesan itu melalui
rincian penggambaran satu objek deskripsi. Bila belum dapat, Anda harus
merevisi, merevisi dan merevisi tulisan deskripsi Anda!
Dengan kata lain, menulis jenis tulisan ini memberi Anda memahami lebih atas
objek yang Anda deskripsikan dibandingkan pembaca lainnya.
Contoh paragraf deskripsi sebagai
berikut:
Ruangan tempat tidurku sangat sederhana.
Kamar
tidurku hanyalah sebuah kamar berukuran 3 X 2 meter. Tidak selayaknya disebut kamar
tidur,
hanya ada karpet yang digelar di lantai dengan seprei, bantal dan guling saja.
Kardus-kardus bekas rokok bersusun dua tiga di salah satu tepi dinding sebagai
tempat penyimpanan baju dan buku saya dan isteri. Bertahun-tahun kami melewati perkawinan kami di atas karpet
itu dari satu kontrakan ke kontrakan lainnya.
Ada dua pola di dalam
pengembangan tulisan deskriptif: Pola
Show Versus Tell dan Pola Bahasa
Konkrit Versus Bahasa Abstrak. Pada pola pertama, show versus tell, misalnya, Anda hendak menulis seorang
pria menggantuk
setelah makan malam. Deskriptif pertama dapat
berupa: Pria gendut itu merasa begitu lelah setelah makan
malam.
Ini pola tell. Pria gendut itu melonjorkan kakinya di atas kursi. Kepalanya dia
senderkan ke bagian atas kursi. Tiba-tiba matanya begitu berat sehingga piring
kosong makan malamnya terlihat kabur. Kemudian, semuanya gelap dan dia terlelap
dalam tidur. Ini pola show.
Dalam Pola Show Versus Tell, sebenarnya Anda memaksimalkan penggunaan lima panca indera.
Kemahiran Anda dalam memainkan panca indera ini membuat pembaca terpaku dan
terkesan. Di dalam benak pembaca, Anda
dapat menumbuhkan rasa ketertarikan itu secara terus menerus hingga tulisan
Anda selesai. Inilah keberhasilan seorang penulis deskriptif.
Meskipun demikian, Anda perlu menguji apakah pola Show Versus Tell itu berhasil atau
tidak, Anda
dapat menggunakan pola Bahasa Abstrak
Versus Bahasa Konkrit. Kata yang Anda gunakan di dalam tulisan deskriptif diharapkan
bahasa
konkrit. Pada bahasa abstrak, misalnya Anda mendeskripsikan seorang guru yang
hebat: Pak Ahmad seorang guru yang
ngemongin. Anda rubah deskripsi di atas dengan bahasa konkrit. Misalnya, Pak Ahmad sungguh mengetahui bagaimana memberi
solusi atas kesulitan seorang murid dalam menulis cerita dan esai.
Contoh
Pola Bahasa Konkrit Versus Bahasa Abstrak
Bahasa
Konkrit
|
Bahasa Abstrak
|
The
sun was shining and a slight breeze blew across my face.
|
It
was a nice day.
|
I
liked writing short, rhythmic poems and hated rambling on about my thoughts
in those four-page essays.
|
I
liked writing poems, not essays.
|
Mr.
Smith really knew how to help us turn our thoughts into good stories and
essays.
|
Mr.
Smith was a great teacher.
|
Ada
tiga langkah yang Anda harus lakukan ketika menulis tulisan deskriptif. Tiga
langkah tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:
Rencanakan
tulisan deskriptif Anda:
·
Apa dan siapa yang Anda ingin deskripsikan?
·
Apakah alasan Anda untuk menulis satu
deskripsi?
·
Sifat penting apa yang Anda ingin fokuskan?
Buat
draf artikel deskriptif Anda:
·
Jenis panca indera apa yang penting di dalam
pengembangan satu deskripsi Anda?
·
Jenis rincian apa yang Anda ingin memberi kesan
kepada pembaca Anda?
Lakukan
revisi atas artikel deskripsi yang Anda sudah buat:
·
Apakah rincian dan deskripsi penting sudah dimasukkan
untuk mendapatkan persepsi yang sempurna dan jelas?
·
Apakah Anda mendelete rincian atau deskripsi yang
tidak penting dari tulisan Anda?
·
Apakah Anda menggunakan kata yang membangkitkan emosi
atau perspektif Anda?
·
Apakah masih ada rincian yang tidak perlu di dalam
tulisan Anda?
·
Apakah setiap paragraf di tulisan Anda fokus pada
satu aspek deskripsi saja?
·
Apakah paragraf sudah disusun dengan cara yang paling
efektif?
Beberapa contoh paragraf
deskriptif:
The Uniqueness of Washington D.C.
Many
people think that the United States is composed of merely 50 states, 48 of
which are found in the continental USA. What many may not know is that the
capital of the United States of America is not found in any of the fifty states
that are represented by the fifty stars on the US flag. Indeed, most people
know that Washington D.C. is the capital of the United States of America.
Surprisingly though, Washington D.C. is not part of any of the fifty states.
It operates as a city, a council, and a state all combined into one.
My view of ugliness
People
used to perceive beauty as the ones pleasing to the eyes. Those who have
straight hairs have them curled, while those who have curly hairs have them
straightened; yellow and white skins have them tanned while black and brown
complexions have them whitened. They never realize that they are just making
things really ugly. I believe that we should leave these things the natural way
because we are all created naturally beautiful.
Person who has influenced me most of all
Most
people writing about people who have influenced them will choose someone they
admire, a mentor or other important person who has been a role model for them
over the course of their lives. My description, on the contrary, will aim to
describe someone who influenced me in a totally opposite way: by being an
anti-role model, someone I would not like to resemble, if only for some minor points.
He is not in any way an extreme villain or anybody with strongly deficient
ethics. He is just a person who, in my mind, is going to fail in most life
situations.
New York City: A Definite Place to Visit
Since
I was a child, I have always had a great fascination for New York City.
Although regarded as the “most populated city” in the United States, the whole
city has something interesting to offer everyone. Located in the East Side,
beside New Jersey, the city was known as one of the major economic centers in
the world. It is sub divided into five boroughs, being Queens, The Bronx,
Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Staten Island respectively. Even if the city was
small, the landmarks were known all over the world.
Mothers are angels
There
is a quote that says: Mothers are angels who teach their children to fly.
Indeed mothers are angels and although we often think that mothers were
sent to torture us especially in our adolescent years when we would rather go
out with friends instead of washing the dishes or doing our assignments, our
mothers nevertheless become our pillar, not just of faith but also our pillar
of strength. Mothers may often be misunderstood but it does not mean that
they do not know better.
Memories from the Cabana
I
was born and raised in South America, a continent with a lot of mountain
ranges–ideal for mountain climbing and hiking-long winding rivers, lush
forests, wonderful beaches, as well as valleys with breathtaking views.
Based on experience, I can say that it is a tropical country; which was
confirmed during my history class in sixth grade. In a country where it’s
hot and humid, my fashion statement is sporting a large white (sometimes blue)
t-shirt and a Hawaiian type shorts. A dark pair of shades is also an
important part of my get-up as it protects my eyes from the sun’s harsh rays.
Being born in South America you might think that I have dark hair with
brown eyes and a charming smile; a typical Cabana boy.
Running Head: Hamas Victory
The
international community should continue with its restrictive policies towards
Hamas even after it has recorded huge victories in the Palestinian’s election.
Hamas has in the past declared its open hostility principle towards Israel its
interests especially in the Middle East. Unless it openly denounces such ideas,
it should continue to be treated as a terrorist group.
German Shepherd Dogs
Dogs
are considered to be the world’s most common pet. In the course of human
history, millions of domesticated dogs have been kept either as companions at
homes or helpers in various needs. They are loved not simply on account of
their unparalleled display of intelligence and perceived usefulness, but also
because they are the kind of animals that are able to establish long-term
relationships with man. As a matter of fact, man’s fondness for dogs is
something that manifests frequently. If one were to take a stroll at a park or
jog on a beach, one is almost sure to find someone taking his or her pet dogs
for a walk.
Trip to a Bowling Tournament
The
bowling tournament is a place where one would expect such excitement and
nervousness. This could be carried as one would enter the venue and would start
to hear the bowling pins throwing their bodies against one another and the hard
floor as they got pinned down starting with the heavy thud of the ball.
Athletes As Role Models
The
place of role models in life can not be overemphasized. Such models can be our
parents, church leaders, community elders and specialties in academics. Besides
this category of people, athletes have also assumed an influential status of
role models. There are many opinions about this but the best choice to make is
the complete man.
Sumber:
http://www.writeexpress.com/descriptive-essay.html
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